{"id":6944,"date":"2025-04-30T11:54:22","date_gmt":"2025-04-30T06:24:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/?p=6944"},"modified":"2025-04-30T12:16:26","modified_gmt":"2025-04-30T06:46:26","slug":"chinnaya-vs-ramayya-case-study-consideration-in-indian-contract-act-1872","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/chinnaya-vs-ramayya-case-study-consideration-in-indian-contract-act-1872\/","title":{"rendered":"Chinnaya vs Ramayya Case Study: Consideration in Indian Contract Act, 1872"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>(Explained by Rishabh Gaur Sir, IGP CA Foundation Faculty)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/chinnaya-vs-ramayya-case-study-consideration-in-indian-contract-act-1872\/#Introduction_Understanding_Consideration\" >Introduction: Understanding Consideration<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/chinnaya-vs-ramayya-case-study-consideration-in-indian-contract-act-1872\/#The_Story_of_Chinnaya_vs_Ramayya\" >The Story of Chinnaya vs Ramayya<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/chinnaya-vs-ramayya-case-study-consideration-in-indian-contract-act-1872\/#Situation\" >Situation:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/chinnaya-vs-ramayya-case-study-consideration-in-indian-contract-act-1872\/#Negotiation\" >Negotiation:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/chinnaya-vs-ramayya-case-study-consideration-in-indian-contract-act-1872\/#What_Happened_Next\" >What Happened Next?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/chinnaya-vs-ramayya-case-study-consideration-in-indian-contract-act-1872\/#The_Legal_Battle_Who_Won\" >The Legal Battle: Who Won?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/chinnaya-vs-ramayya-case-study-consideration-in-indian-contract-act-1872\/#Ramayyas_Defense\" >Ramayya\u2019s Defense:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/chinnaya-vs-ramayya-case-study-consideration-in-indian-contract-act-1872\/#Courts_Judgment\" >Court\u2019s Judgment:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/chinnaya-vs-ramayya-case-study-consideration-in-indian-contract-act-1872\/#Moral_of_the_Story_What_Did_We_Learn\" >Moral of the Story: What Did We Learn?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction_Understanding_Consideration\"><\/span><strong>Introduction: Understanding Consideration<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When two people enter into a <strong>contract<\/strong>, there is always an exchange \u2014<br><strong>&#8220;Main aapke liye kuchh karunga, aap mere liye kuchh karenge.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>&#8220;I\u2019ll do something for you, and you\u2019ll do something for me.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>There is an <strong>offer<\/strong>, then a <strong>consideration is demanded<\/strong>, and finally <strong>acceptance<\/strong> happens.<br>Thus, a <strong>contract<\/strong> is formed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But a big question arises \u2014<br><strong>&#8220;Consideration kaun dega?&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>&#8220;Who will provide the consideration?&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the <strong>Indian Contract Act, 1872<\/strong>, <strong>consideration<\/strong> can come from:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Promisee<\/strong> (the one receiving the promise), or<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Any other person<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>To understand this concept better, let&#8217;s dive into a beautiful, real-life-style <strong>case study<\/strong>: <strong>Chinnaya vs Ramayya<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"CA Foundation | Law | Case Study | Chinnaya vs Ramayya | Rishabh Gaur | IGP Classes\" width=\"1140\" height=\"641\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/iBW-hRp047s?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Read Also: <a href=\"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/section-72-of-indian-contract-act-simple-example-explained\/\">Section 72 of Indian Contract Act: Simple Example Explained<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Story_of_Chinnaya_vs_Ramayya\"><\/span><strong>The Story of Chinnaya vs Ramayya<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Dhyan se sunna<\/strong>, here is the story:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>Listen carefully.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>There was an <strong>Aunty<\/strong>, who had a <strong>sister<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Aunty\u2019s daughter\u2019s name: <strong>Ramayya<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aunty\u2019s sister\u2019s name: <strong>Chinnaya<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Situation\"><\/span><strong>Situation:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Aunty was on her <strong>deathbed<\/strong> (<em>Antim sans le rahi thi<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aunty was worried about her <strong>sister Chinnaya<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>She told her daughter <strong>Ramayya<\/strong>, &#8220;<strong>Main mar rahi hoon, meri bahan ka khayal rakhna.<br>Har mahine usko \u20b910,000 pocket money dete rehna.<\/strong>&#8220;<br><em>&#8220;I&#8217;m dying. Please take care of my sister. Give her \u20b910,000 every month for her expenses.&#8221;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ramayya<\/strong> said,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;<strong>Theek hai mummy, main Mausi ki madad karungi \u2014 but badle mein mujhe bhi kuchh chahiye!<\/strong>&#8220;<br><em>&#8220;Okay Mom, I\u2019ll help Mausi \u2014 but I want something in return!&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Negotiation\"><\/span><strong>Negotiation:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Aunty asked, &#8220;<strong>Bata tujhe kya chahiye?<\/strong>&#8220;<br><em>&#8220;Tell me, what do you want?&#8221;<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ramayya said, &#8220;<strong>Jo ghar papa ke marne ke baad aapka ho gaya tha,<br>woh ghar mere naam kar do \u2014 gift banakar.<\/strong>&#8220;<br><em>&#8220;Gift me the house that became yours after Papa passed away.&#8221;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Aunty agreed happily.<br>Thus, <strong>Ramayya got the house gifted to her<\/strong>, and in return, promised to give \u20b910,000 monthly to Chinnaya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Read Also: <a href=\"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/is-word-to-word-copying-needed-in-ca-foundation-exams\/\">Is Word-to-Word Copying Needed in CA Foundation Exams?<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Happened_Next\"><\/span><strong>What Happened Next?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Few days later, <strong>Aunty passed away<\/strong>.<br>After some time, <strong>Ramayya<\/strong> <strong>stopped giving<\/strong> \u20b910,000 to <strong>Chinnaya<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ramayya\u2019s Argument:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;<strong>Ab maa mar chuki hai, mera mann badal gaya!<\/strong>&#8220;<br><em>&#8220;Now that mother has passed away, I&#8217;ve changed my mind!&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;<strong>Main apni mausi ko paise kyun doon?<br>Chinnaya buddhi mujhe kya de rahi hai badle mein?<\/strong>&#8220;<strong><br><\/strong><em>&#8220;Why should I give money to my aunt? What is this old lady giving me in return?&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>So she <strong>stopped paying<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Chinnaya then filed a case<\/strong> in the court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Read Also: <a href=\"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/avoid-failing-ca-foundation-law-in-your-next-attempt\/\">Avoid Failing CA Foundation Law in Your Next Attempt<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Legal_Battle_Who_Won\"><\/span><strong>The Legal Battle: Who Won?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The court had to answer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Was the <strong>contract valid<\/strong>?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Who provided the <strong>consideration<\/strong>?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Can <strong>Chinnaya legally demand<\/strong> the money?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ramayyas_Defense\"><\/span><strong>Ramayya\u2019s Defense:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;<strong>Mujhe ghar mummy se mila tha, mausi se nahi.<\/strong>&#8220;<br><em>&#8220;I got the house from my mother, not from my aunt.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>But the <strong>court<\/strong> gave a clear decision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Courts_Judgment\"><\/span><strong>Court\u2019s Judgment:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;<strong>Tumhe ghar mila tha na?<br>Tumhare demand par mila tha na?<br>Tumhe consideration mil gaya na?<\/strong>&#8220;<br><em>&#8220;You got the house, right? You got it because you asked for it, right? So you received consideration, didn\u2019t you?&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;<strong>Indian Contract Act ke hisaab se \u2014 consideration kisi bhi insaan se aa sakta hai.<\/strong>&#8220;<br><em>&#8220;As per the Indian Contract Act, consideration can come from anyone.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus, <strong>Chinnaya won the case<\/strong>! \u2705<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/chinnaya_vs_ramayya_summary.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Embed of chinnaya_vs_ramayya_summary.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-00446bde-a7f7-4e2e-9bcc-a3f1f426e22c\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/chinnaya_vs_ramayya_summary.pdf\">chinnaya_vs_ramayya_summary<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/chinnaya_vs_ramayya_summary.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-00446bde-a7f7-4e2e-9bcc-a3f1f426e22c\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Join Now: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.igpinstitute.org\/ca-foundation-coaching-classes.php\">CA Foundation Classes Online or Offline<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Moral_of_the_Story_What_Did_We_Learn\"><\/span><strong>Moral of the Story: What Did We Learn?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>From <strong>Chinnaya vs Ramayya<\/strong>, we understand:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In <strong>India<\/strong>, <strong>consideration<\/strong> can come from <strong>promisee or any other person<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If this case was in <strong>England<\/strong>, their law says only the <strong>promisee<\/strong> must give consideration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>But in <strong>India<\/strong>, even a <strong>third party<\/strong> providing the benefit is valid under the contract.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>As <strong>Rishabh Gaur Sir<\/strong> explained:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;<strong><em>consideration <\/em>can come from promisee or any other person \u2014 itna yaad rakhna!<\/strong>&#8220;<br><em>&#8220;Just remember \u2014 consideration can come from the promisee or any other person!&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"743\" height=\"731\" src=\"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/chinnaya_vs_ramayya_diagram.webp\" alt=\"chinnaya vs ramayya diagram - Case Study\" class=\"wp-image-6947\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/chinnaya_vs_ramayya_diagram.webp 743w, https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/chinnaya_vs_ramayya_diagram-640x630.webp 640w, https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/chinnaya_vs_ramayya_diagram-400x394.webp 400w, https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/chinnaya_vs_ramayya_diagram-367x361.webp 367w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 743px) 100vw, 743px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Read Also: <a href=\"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/understanding-court-judgements-case-studies-in-ca-foundation-business-law\/\">Understanding Court Judgements &amp; Case Studies in CA Foundation Business Law<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Chinnaya vs Ramayya<\/strong> is a classic example that explains a major concept in contract law:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A <strong>contract is valid<\/strong> as long as consideration exists \u2014 no matter who provides it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>In India<\/strong>, it\u2019s not necessary for the <strong>promisee<\/strong> to give consideration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The case confirms that even <strong>a third party\u2019s action<\/strong> or benefit can make a contract enforceable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>So remember:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2705 <strong>Offer + Acceptance + Consideration = Valid Contract<\/strong><br>\u2705 <strong>Consideration can be from anyone (in India)!<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Explained by Rishabh Gaur Sir, IGP CA Foundation Faculty) Introduction: Understanding Consideration When two people enter into a contract, there is always an exchange \u2014&#8220;Main aapke liye kuchh karunga, aap mere liye kuchh karenge.&#8221; &#8220;I\u2019ll do something for you, and you\u2019ll do something for me.&#8221; There is an offer, then a consideration is demanded, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6953,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[163],"tags":[186,157],"class_list":["post-6944","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ca-foundation","tag-ca-career","tag-ca-foundation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chinnaya vs Ramayya Case Study: Consideration in Indian Contract Act, 1872<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.igpinstitute.org\/insight\/chinnaya-vs-ramayya-case-study-consideration-in-indian-contract-act-1872\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" 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